British Israelism is a belief that people living in Britain (or the Commonwealth countries) are actually descendants of the Israelites. The Israelites were a group of people who lived in the Middle East thousands of years ago. The British Israelites believe that these ancient Israelites moved out of the Middle East and settled in Europe and the British Isles (countries like England, Scotland, and Ireland). They think that most of the people living in these places are descended from the Israelites and therefore have a special connection to the people and culture of Israel.