A flight data recorder is like a super cool black box that is installed on an airplane to record information about the flight. It's like a super smart diary that writes down everything that happens during a flight.
The flight data recorder is made up of lots of different sensors that can detect things like how high the plane is, how fast it's going, what direction it's headed in, and even things like how much the engines are working.
All this information is then saved on the black box, so if anything bad happens to the plane, like if it crashes, investigators can look at the information saved on the black box to figure out what went wrong and how to prevent it from happening again in the future.
Think of it like a really important story that is told by the black box, and it's a story that can help people stay safe in the sky.