Material flow analysis is like looking at a map. To analyze materials, you look at the paths material takes from where it starts to where it ends up. You look at things like how much material started, how much was used in a process, and how much was wasted. You also look at things like the time it takes for material to move from one place to another, the cost associated with moving it, and the quality of the material. By looking at these things, you can find ways to make the material flow more efficient and save resources.