Phenol–chloroform extraction

Okay kiddo, so you know how we have different parts in our body like bones, muscles, and organs? Well, cells in our body also have different parts called DNA, RNA, and proteins.

Sometimes, scientists want to study these parts of cells, but they need to separate them from the other stuff in the cells. That's where phenol-chloroform extraction comes in.

Think of it like cooking a soup. You have a pot of soup with lots of different things in it like vegetables and meat. But you only want to eat the meat. So, you use a strainer to separate the meat from the vegetables and broth.

In phenol-chloroform extraction, scientists use chemicals called phenol and chloroform to separate the DNA, RNA, or proteins from the other stuff in the cells. They mix the cells with the chemicals and spin them really fast in a machine called a centrifuge.

The spinning separates the different parts of the cells, just like the strainer separated the meat from the soup. The DNA, RNA, or proteins will end up in one layer, and the other stuff will be in another layer.

Then, the scientists can collect the DNA, RNA, or proteins from the layer they want, and use them for more experiments or studies.

So, that's phenol-chloroform extraction, separating the different parts of cells so scientists can study them more easily with the help of some special chemicals and a machine.