Postprandial somnolence means that you feel sleepy or tired after eating. You might have noticed that after eating a big meal, you feel drowsy, and your eyelids become heavy, making you want to take a nap. This is what postprandial somnolence means.
When you eat, your body starts digesting the food, which requires energy. Your body sends more blood to your stomach and intestines to help with digestion. This shift in blood flow can cause your brain to feel like it's not getting enough oxygen, which can make you feel tired. Additionally, when you eat carbohydrates, like pasta or bread, your body releases insulin. Insulin helps your body turn the carbs into energy that your cells can use. But, it can also push other compounds, such as tryptophan, into your brain. Tryptophan is the stuff in turkey that people say makes you sleepy on Thanksgiving.
Another thing that contributes to postprandial somnolence is that eating is one of the activities that slows down your parasympathetic nervous system. This is the bodily system that is responsible for "rest and digest" activities. When your body is focusing on digestion, it tends to calm the rest of your systems down. This makes you feel relaxed, but also more prone to drifting off.
In summary, postprandial somnolence is when you feel sleepy or tired after eating, and it happens because of a combination of factors like the shift of blood flow to your digestive system, carbohydrate-induced insulin release, and activity in your nervous system.