Variance-based sensitivity analysis

Variance-based sensitivity analysis is a way to figure out how changes in different parts of a system, like a computer program or a math problem, will affect the outcome of the whole system. Think of it as a detective game. Imagine you're trying to figure out how a certain result was caused. You want to know which parts had the biggest effect and which parts had very little or no effect. Variance-based sensitivity analysis goes through all the different parts and looks for which parts had the biggest impact. It measures how much the outcome changed when that part was changed. It's like the detective looking for clues in a mystery - which piece had the most power to change the result.