ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Brown dwarf

Have you ever heard of a star before? It's like a big ball of gas that shines really bright in the sky. But, did you know that not all stars are bright and shiny like the sun? Some stars are really small and don't have enough heat and pressure in their centers to make them shine like the sun. These stars are called brown dwarfs.

Think of a brown dwarf like a mini star that never got to turn on its light switch. It's still made up of gas, just like a star, but it's not hot enough for nuclear fusion to happen. Nuclear fusion is when atoms join together and make a lot of heat and light, like the sun. Since brown dwarfs don't have enough heat to make this happen, they don't shine like a star. Instead, they just give off a little bit of heat that can be detected by scientists using special instruments.

Brown dwarfs are really interesting because they can teach us a lot about the universe. Scientists are always looking for new brown dwarfs because they can help us understand how stars form and evolve over time. And, who knows, maybe one day we will discover something special about brown dwarfs that will help us understand more about the mysteries of the universe!