Caput mundi means "head of the world" in Latin. It was a nickname given to Rome, Italy because people thought it was the most important city in the whole world a long, long time ago.
You know how your head is really important because it helps you see and think and feel things? Well, Rome was like the head of the world because it was really important in ancient times. People from all over the world would go to Rome to learn new stuff, trade things, and even fight in battles.
So caput mundi just means that Rome was like the big brain of the whole world a long time ago. But now, there are lots of other important cities in the world too!