Okay kiddo, let me explain what the instrumental temperature record is. Scientists want to know what temperature was like in the past, and they can't just ask someone or look at a calendar. So, they came up with a clever way of figuring it out - by looking at the instruments that people have been using for centuries to measure temperature.
These instruments include things like thermometers, which you might have seen before. They are used to measure how hot or cold something is. Scientists collect data from all the thermometers in different parts of the world (like on land, in the ocean, or even in the air) and put it all together to make a map of how the temperature changes over time.
The instrumental temperature record is like a big book that scientists use to keep track of all the temperature measurements they have collected over the years. They can use this record to see how temperature has changed over time and figure out if the earth is getting warmer or cooler.
So, in summary, the instrumental temperature record is a way scientists keep track of how hot or cold it is in different parts of the world using instruments like thermometers. They use this information to figure out how temperature has changed over time.