Have you ever seen a bridge that can fold and move? That's called a folding bridge. Imagine you are playing with a big toy train set, and there's a bridge that the train has to cross over. To make sure the train can pass through, you can make the bridge fold in the middle so that the train can pass through.
A folding bridge works almost the same way, except it's not for toys, it's for real-life vehicles like cars and trucks. The bridge is designed to be able to move and fold in specific ways so that it can let vehicles pass by. Normally, the bridge is flat like any other road, but when a big boat or a ship needs to pass under it, the folding bridge can bend or lift its sections like an accordion, so the vehicle can fit through.
Bridges that need to open up for boats to pass through are usually found over rivers, canals, or ports where there's a lot of water traffic. Folding bridges are the most common type of movable bridge because they're cheaper to build and maintain than other types of movable bridges.
Overall, a folding bridge is like a giant toy bridge you can move and fold to make sure boats can pass under it, but it's for real-life vehicles.