Philistinism is a tricky word, but it basically means not caring or appreciating things that are considered important, high-quality or culturally significant.
Think about toys, some toys are really simple and don't take much time or effort to make, like a ball, and other toys require a lot of thought, creativity and work, like a Lego set.
Now, some people just don't care for the Lego set and would rather have a ball, and that's okay, but people who don't care about things that are considered really special or important, like a famous book, a piece of art or a classical music concert, can be accused of being a philistine.
So, simply put, being a philistine means not caring or appreciating things that many people consider to be really valuable, important or special.