Modernization is when society changes and develops new ideas, beliefs, and technologies. For example, long ago, people used horses and carts to get around, but now people use cars and trains. People also used to travel on foot to go from one place to another, but now airplanes can take you from one side of the world to the other in just a few hours. People also used to live in small villages, but now most people live in cities with bigger buildings and more services like hospitals and banks. Modernization is all about taking the old ideas and making them new and better.